Report on operation of Chinese superhard industry in 2023
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摘要: 依托2023年国家宏观经济统计数据，对中国超硬产业进行深入分析，并结合中国、美国、欧洲和日本等地海关统计的进出口数据，探讨中国超硬材料行业的整体发展情况及其同国际先进水平的比较。研究发现：在国家宏观制造业表现出较强韧性、稳步增长的大背景下，我国超硬行业仍然面临较大的压力，整体指标不及预期，发展相对缓慢。下游市场的积极因素以光伏电池产量显著增长为代表，消极因素包括培育钻石市场低迷。除宝石级单晶和线锯产品外，其他产品均有单价上涨的情况出现，代表性企业的产品单价增幅普遍在10%～20%。部分超硬商品进出口单价悬殊，其在高端应用领域仍然有较大的发展潜力。Abstract: Objectives: It is important to analyze the status of each industry, which provides not only a direct vision but also a vital reference to all. Methods: The operation of China's superhard industry in 2023 was analyzed based on an in-depth investigation, as well as the national macroeconomic statistical data and the import and export data collected by customs in China, the United States, the European Union, and Japan. The overall development of the industry was explored and then compared with internationally advanced products. Results: Firstly, there are increases in sales volume of superhard material, but a general decrease in that of superhard products except diamond wire saws. This is mainly due to the great consumption of wire saws on diamond particles. The price are going down, especially those of gem-grade diamonds and wire saws, but not for cBN, saw blades, ceramic grinding wheels and resin grinding wheels. Secondly, China has provided the majority of superhard commodities to the world, with the average price going down for 9.8% compared with that in 2022. China also has bought about 5155 tons, or 393 million USDs, of superhard commodities from other regions at a steady price. In the superhard industry, China offers the world with stable supplies and acts as a big consumer to other economics. Conclusions: Despite that China’s manufacturing industry has shown significant robustness and is increasing steadily, the superhard industry endured a tough 2023, with its main indicators falling short of expectations and relatively slow development. However, there were positive factors in the downstream market, the increase in photometric battery productivity for example, and negative factors, especially a sluggish lab-grown diamond market. Despite the gem-grade single crystal diamond and the wire saw, other representative products saw their unit prices increase, generally by 10% to 20%. There was a sharp unit price ratio between some imported products and their exported counterparts, showing great potential in high-end applications.
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Key words:
- macroeconomy /
- superhard material /
- statistical data /
- import and export /
- unit price ratio
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表 1 2023年中国超硬材料行业主要经济指标
Table 1. Main indexes of China’s superhard industry in 2023
主要指标 2023年 2022年 增幅 A / % 统计企业数N 工业总产值 / 亿元 155.3 147.8 5.1 53 工业增加值 / 亿元 46.0 38.5 19.6 32 销售收入 / 亿元 196.8 198.6 −0.9 56 利润总额 / 亿元 41.1 45.4 −9.6 55 出口交货 / 亿元 32.2 34.5 −6.8 46 人均工资 / 万元 9.4 9.0 5.2 54 
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表 2 2023年中国超硬商品的销售情况
Table 2. Sales of superhard commodities of China in 2023
商品类别 销售量
Q计量单位 增幅
AQ / %销售额
V / ￥增幅
AV / %单价 P 增幅 AP / % 统计企业数 N 单价变化 工业金刚石* 133 × 108 ct 21.3 33.2 × 108 4.4 0.25 −13.9 10 5升5降 宝石级单晶 729 × 104 ct 10.6 9.2 × 108 −26.7 126.20 −33.8 5 0升5降 立方氮化硼 4.3 × 108 ct −10.9 2.7 × 108 −1.2 0.63 10.8 5 3升2降 金刚石微粉 54 × 108 ct 24.1 11.5 × 108 −0.1 0.21 −19.5 11 3升7降1平 复合片 1229 × 104p 36.8 10.7 × 108 10.5 86.96 −19.2 7 5升2降 金刚石锯片 6504 × 104p −5.7 13.2 × 108 0.1 20.33 6.1 15 5升9降1平 陶瓷砂轮 56 × 104 p −16.4 3.5 × 108 7.8 633.96 28.9 5 2升3降 树脂砂轮 66 × 104 p −6.8 2.5 × 108 −3.7 383.26 3.4 4 2升2降 金属砂轮 23 × 104 p −22.1 0.9 × 108 −24.0 399.85 −2.4 4 1升3降 线锯 3.2 × 108 km 178.8 56.9 × 108 24.2 17.62 −55.4 4 0升4降 *含部分未能剥离的培育钻石。
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表 3 2023年出口超硬商品汇总
Table 3. Export of superhard commodities in 2023
商品类别 出口量 ne / t 增幅 Ane / % 出口额 ve / M$ 增幅 Ave / % 单价 ue / ($·kg−1) 增幅 Aue / % 金刚石 767 −6.1 172.5 −19.5 224.8 −14.3 加工钻石 4 57.6 397.0 −25.8 89515.2 −52.9 砂轮 10982 −5.4 101.9 −3.0 9.3 2.5 石磨石碾 15159 5.7 158.5 0.7 10.5 −4.8 金刚石锯片 36762 4.7 319.2 −4.4 8.7 −8.7 未列名锯片 64480 −5.3 452.7 −13.5 7.0 −8.7 凿岩钻探工具 12900 2.8 199.0 8.6 15.4 5.7 拉丝模 120 −34.7 32.6 −17.6 271.6 52.4 钻头 5807 12.1 87.6 5.7 15.1 −4.8 镗铰刀 73 −23.0 2.0 36.7 27.6 41.1 铣刀 528 −23.7 29.5 49.6 55.8 44.4 车刀 72 56.6 29.0 −21.6 404.8 −34.0 未列名可互换工具 4069 −10.4 78.2 −50.1 19.2 6.8 合计 151723 −1.0 2060.0 −10.7 13.6 −9.8
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表 4 2023年出口超硬商品目的地及份额
Table 4. Export destinations of superhard commodities and shares in 2023
目的地* 出口量 ne / t 占比 Sne / % 出口额 ve / M$ 占比 Sve / % 单价 ue / ($·kg−1) 印度市场 37629 25 289 14 7.7 俄罗斯市场 8379 5 101 5 12.1 巴西市场 8051 5 64 3 7.9 美国市场 7271 5 165 8 22.7 越南市场 7150 5 62 3 8.7 德国市场 5618 4 77 4 13.7 韩国市场 2962 2 57 3 19.2 日本市场 2707 2 54 3 19.9 阿联酋市场 2436 1 60 3 24.6 中国香港市场 210 0 383 18 1821.2 其他207个市场 69309 46 748 36 10.8 *按照出口量由大到小排序，兼顾出口额。
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表 5 2023年进口超硬商品汇总
Table 5. Import of superhard commodities in 2023
商品类别 进口量 ni / t 增幅 Ani / % 进口额 vi / M$ 增幅 Avi / % 单价 ui / ($·kg−1) 增幅 Aui / % 单价比 ui / ue 金刚石 15 −27.1 12.2 −26.9 824.3 0.4 3.7 加工钻石 1 61.0 16.0 35.8 13477.1 −15.7 0.2 砂轮 533 −5.6 93.4 −9.2 175.5 −3.8 18.9 石磨石碾 321 −21.0 131.0 −17.3 408.6 4.7 30.1 金刚石锯片 133 −6.4 24.7 −16.8 185.6 −11.1 21.4 未列名锯片 3498 −10.2 31.6 −8.5 9.0 1.9 1.3 凿岩钻探工具 495 −47.6 9.5 −41.9 19.3 10.9 1.2 拉丝模 17 −24.6 6.0 −91.8 354.7 4.5 1.3 钻头 19 34.1 5.7 −93.9 297.0 −43.0 19.7 镗铰刀 12 −24.6 7.3 −12.5 596.3 11.2 21.6 铣刀 23 −9.4 15.7 −29.8 699.1 −23.4 12.5 车刀 4 −8.6 6.7 −53.7 1856.7 −29.5 4.6 未列名可互换工具 45 −1.2 33.2 −42.9 733.7 −18.3 38.2 合计 5115 −16.2 393.0 −16.1 76.9 0.1 5.7
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表 6 2023年进口超硬商品来源地及份额
Table 6. Import sources of superhard commodities and shares in 2023
来源地* 进口量 ni / t 占比 Sni / % 进口额 vi / M$ 占比 Svi / % 单价 ui / ($·kg−1) 泰国 2328 46 24 6 10.5 中国台湾地区 1224 24 16 4 13.4 日本 367 7 137 35 373.3 韩国 220 4 84 21 379.5 德国 206 4 42 11 203.9 美国 62 1 20 5 322.6 爱尔兰 7 0 21 6 3066.6 其他54个来源地 701 14 48 12 68.5 *按照进口量由大到小排序，兼顾进口额。
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