Preparation of magnetorheological elastomers and their applications in precision machining: A review
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摘要: 磁流变弹性体（magnetorheological elastomer，MRE）是一种磁控智能材料，可通过调节外加磁场强度对其机械性能（如刚度、弹性模量、固有频率、阻尼能力等）进行连续、可逆的控制，在振动控制、机械工程、土木工程等领域得到了广泛的研究和应用。将MRE作为一种磨抛工具，利用磁场改变其刚度等性能来控制磨抛过程的机械去除，有望在精密加工领域得到广泛的应用。本文介绍了MRE的制备材料、制备方法和工艺，分析了外场（磁场和温度场）对MRE性能的影响规律，阐述了基于磁偶极子理论和宏观力学的本构模型，为MRE制备研究和实际工程应用提供指导，综述了MRE在精密加工领域的应用状况和未来发展方向。利用MRE的磁控性能变化可以较好地应用于精密加工，具有很好的发展前景。Abstract: Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a magnetically controlled intelligent material, whose mechanical properties (such as stiffness, elastic modulus, intrinsic frequency, damping capacity, etc.) can be continuously and reversibly controlled by adjusting the strength of the applied magnetic field. It is now widely studied and applied in the fields of vibration control, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, etc. When MRE is made into grinding or polishing tools, the mechanical removal of the process can be controlled by changing the stiffness and other properties of MRE in a magnetic field, which is expected to be widely used in the field of precision machining. In this paper, the materials, the methods and the processes to prepare MRE are introduced, and the influencing rules of external field (including magnetic and temperature fields) on the performance of MRE are analyzed. The intrinsic structure model is described based on magnetic dipole theory and macromechanics, which provides guidance for MRE preparation and practical engineering applications. Besides, the application status and future development direction of MRE in the field of precision machining are reviewed. The variation of magnetically controlled properties using MRE can be better applied to precision machining and has a good development prospect.
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图 5 人工塑模制备MRE流程示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the MRE preparation process by artificial molding
表 1 部分MRE基体及性能对比
Table 1. Comparison of some MRE substrates and properties
基体类型 性能 参考文献 硅橡胶 600 mT磁场强度下获得了500%的磁流变效应 [8] 硅橡胶 磁流变效应达到1672% [13] 硅橡胶 800 mT磁场强度下储能模量G$ ^\prime $从1增加到420 kPa，磁流变效应达41900% [14] 硅橡胶 剪切模量提高20%，压缩模量提高25% [26] 聚氨酯、硅橡胶 磁流变效应达到99.8% [27] 聚氨酯 磁流变效应达到100% [28] 聚氨酯 含CIPs的MRE拉伸应力增加758% [29] 聚氨酯、环氧树脂 形成IPN结构，磁流变效应达691% [15] 聚氨酯海绵骨架 磁流变效应达到820% [18,30] 聚氨酯、环氧树脂 形成IPN结构，磁流变效应为200% [16] 天然橡胶 磁流变效应达到67% [22] 天然橡胶 磁流变效应为34.85% [31] 天然橡胶 磁流变效应为392%，损耗因子为0.14 [32] 天然橡胶 通过磁性颗粒包覆制备出更高的MRE储能模量和损耗模量 [33] 聚二甲基硅氧烷 弹性模量为55.7 kPa的MRE对应的磁流变效应高达17286% [34] 聚二甲基硅氧烷 磁流变效应为55% [35] 丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶
以及丙烯腈磁流变效应达到50% [23-24] 
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