To investigate the microscopic influence of ultrasonic vibration on the surface flaws of particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites (PTMCs) during cutting with ultrasonic vibration of PCD tools. A two-dimensional cutting microscopic non-homogeneous model for PTMCs was established using ABAQUS/Explicit finite element software, and different volume fractions of the multi-particle cutting simulation were performed to analyze the changing rule of cutting speed on cutting temperature using a combination of simulation and experimental methods, to elaborate the particle force crushing process of PTMCs during the cutting process, and to discuss the defect manifestation. Form of defect manifestation. The results show that: ultrasonic vibration cutting, the cutting temperature is always lower, the surface defects are mostly particle cut off and particle protrusion, and ultrasonic vibration can effectively block the stress between the particle and the substrate continues to transfer, so that the stress is prioritized in the transmission between the particles, reducing substrate deformation, prompting the particles to break first, and improving the surface.