Polishing, which generally works as the final process to improve the workpiece surface quality, has been applied widely in the aero-engine manufacturing, because of its high material removal efficiency and high quality of surface. In this article, the general principle of polishing is introduced. Then, the comprehensive development results were analyzed from the aspects of polishing machine, abrasive grits and polishing solvent. Finally, the applications of high efficiency polishing technology in the field of typical aero-engine component manufacturing, e. g. blade, blisk, axle and cartridge receiver, are stated.