Analysis of microstructure and properties of laser cladding diamond alloy coating on 45 steel surface

LU Tian; WANG Chuanliu; MA Shaoming; ZHU Ying

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0100

Volume 45 Issue 4

Aug. 2025

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LU Tian, WANG Chuanliu, MA Shaoming, ZHU Ying. Analysis of microstructure and properties of laser cladding diamond alloy coating on 45 steel surface[J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2025, 45(4): 470-478. doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0100

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LU Tian, WANG Chuanliu, MA Shaoming, ZHU Ying. Analysis of microstructure and properties of laser cladding diamond alloy coating on 45 steel surface[J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2025, 45(4): 470-478. doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0100

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Analysis of microstructure and properties of laser cladding diamond alloy coating on 45 steel surface

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0100

CCTEG Xi′an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi′an 710077, China

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Received Date: 2024-06-17
Rev Recd Date: 2024-08-07

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives To significantly enhance the surface wear resistance of 45 steel under high friction and high-load conditions, a new type of wear-resistant alloy coating with high hardness and strong adhesion is constructed on its surface using laser cladding technology. The coating is mainly composed of nickel-plated diamond as the wear-resistant phase, and high-melting-point ceramics such as WC and TiC as the reinforcing phases. Meanwhile, the microstructure and fluidity of the coating are improved by adding metal elements such as Ti and Co. The focus is on studying the influence of laser power on the graphitization of diamond and the metallurgical bonding quality with the substrate during the laser cladding process, thereby optimizing the process parameters and improving the comprehensive performances of the coating. Methods A multi-component alloy wear-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of 45 steel by the laser cladding process. The coating formula contains a certain proportion of nickel-plated diamond, WC, TiC, Ti and Co powders. The influence of adjusting the laser power on the structural stability of diamond particles, the interface bonding state and the overall microstructure morphology is investigated. After cladding, the microstructure of the coating is observed by metallographic microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively, and the elemental distribution is analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Moreover, the microhardness of the coating is tested using a Vickers hardness tester, thereby comprehensively evaluating the performance of the coating. Results The laser power has a significant impact on the stability of the diamond structure during the coating formation process. Under appropriate laser power, the nickel-plated diamond particles do not exhibit significant graphitization during the melting process, and the particles remain intact and form a good metallurgical bond with the metal substrate. On the contrary, excessive laser power can cause some diamond particles to undergo graphitization, thereby affecting the performance of the coating. The introduction of WC and TiC reinforcing phases can effectively absorb some of the laser energy, reduce the thermal shock on the diamond surfaces, suppress their ablation and graphitization, while promoting the formation of fine-grained microstructures, improving the structural stability and wear resistance of the coating. In addition, the addition of Co and Ti elements significantly improves the wettability of the molten pool metal and the fluidity of the coating, enhances the bonding strength between the alloy coating and the ceramic particles, and effectively improves the uniformity and density of the coating. The internal structure of the alloy coating is uniform, without obvious cracks or delamination. The diamond particles are densely distributed and the interfaces are tightly bonded. The average hardness of the coating reaches HV 257.85, which is approximately 51% higher than HV 170.40 of the base 45 steel. Therefore, the hardness enhancement effect is remarkable. Conclusions By optimizing the laser cladding parameters and reasonably designing the alloy powder system, the nickel-plated diamond and the reinforcing phases such as WC and TiC can synergistically work under high-temperature laser cladding conditions, effectively improving the density of the coating structure, the stability of the diamond structure, and its adhesion with the substrate. The prepared alloy wear-resistant coating significantly improves the microhardness and the wear resistance of the 45 steel surface, and has good interfacial bonding and thermal stability, making it an ideal material for improving the wear resistance and service life of 45 steel.
- nickel-plated diamond,
- alloy coating,
- laser cladding,
- microstructure,
- microhardness

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References(32)

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