钎焊微粉金刚石磨头的性能研究

李纬; 肖冰; 何旭; 张自立; 周露露; 肖皓中

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0025

钎焊微粉金刚石磨头的性能研究

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0025

李纬¹,
肖冰^1, ,,
何旭¹,
张自立¹,
周露露¹,
肖皓中²

1.
南京航空航天大学机电学院, 南京210016
2.
南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院, 南京210016

详细信息

通讯作者:
肖冰，男，教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向：新型超硬工具制造技术，高效精密加工技术。E-mail：meebxiao@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG74; TQ164
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-30
- 修回日期: 2024-05-02
- 录用日期: 2024-06-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-21
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-20

Study on performance of brazed micronized diamond grinding head

1.
College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
2.
School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210016, China

摘要

摘要: 为解决钎焊过程中微粉金刚石磨粒损伤严重、钎料与基体结合不牢的问题，采用合适的钎焊工艺在钢基体上钎焊微粉金刚石（325/400#），分析钎焊样件结合界面并制备磨头对氧化铝陶瓷板进行加工。研究发现：微粉金刚石磨粒损伤较小；钢基体与钎料结合界面生成物为Fe、Cr形成的γ相固溶体及Fe、Ni形成的Ni-Fe置换固溶体，固溶体的存在可保证钎料与基体之间的牢固结合；制备的钎焊微粉金刚石磨头在加工陶瓷板时拥有较长的使用寿命。
- 钎焊 /
- 微粉金刚石 /
- 磨粒损伤 /
- 界面分析
Abstract: Objectives The use of brazing micro-powder diamond tools can achieve high-precision and efficient processing of ceramic materials. However, there are currently problems such as thin brazing layers, large abrasive damage during brazing, and poor bonding between the brazing material and the base metal. Current research has not been able to analyze the brazing effect from the micro-interface. Methods Brazing samples are prepared, and the surface morphology and the morphology of diamond abrasive particles and surface products are observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phases of the compounds on diamond are analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer. The cross-sectional structure of the brazing samples are observed with the backscattered electron imaging mode of SEM. The elemental composition of the bonding interface of the brazing samples is analyzed with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). A grinding head is prepared to machine an alumina ceramic plate on a JDHGT type engraving machine, and it is compared with an electroplated grinding head. Results The exposure height of the micro-diamond abrasive is reasonable with no accumulation. The diamond is not over-consumed, and a plate-like Cr₃C₂ is generated on the diamond surface. There is sufficient elemental diffusion between the brazing alloy and the base metal. Products at the interface between the steel substrate and the brazing alloy are a γ-phase solid solution formed by Cr and Fe, and a Ni-Fe substitutional solid solution by Fe and Ni, which ensures a firm combination between the brazing alloy and the base metal. Conclusions The life of the brazed micro-diamond head is three times longer than that of the electroplated grinding head. The situation of abrasive particle breakage and shedding in the brazed grinding head is less, and there is no phenomenon of brazing alloy layer peeling. This proves that the brazing effect of micro-diamond is better, and the method of processing ceramics with brazed micro-diamond tools is feasible.
- brazing /
- micronized diamond /
- abrasive grain damage /
- interfacial analysis

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图 1 钎焊样件示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of brazing sample

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图 2 钎焊样件形貌

Figure 2. Morphology of brazing sample

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图 3 钎焊金刚石磨粒XRD图

Figure 3. XRD patterns of brazed diamond grains

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图 4 表面生成物扫描结果

Figure 4. Scanning results of surface generates

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图 5 钎焊样件横截面形貌

Figure 5. Cross-sectional morphology of brazing sample

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图 6 钎焊样件面扫描元素分布

Figure 6. Plane-scanning element distribution of brazing sample

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图 7 钎焊样件点扫描位置示意图

Figure 7. Point-scanning position schematic of brazing sample

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图 8 钎焊样件线扫描方向示意图

Figure 8. Line-scanning direction schematic of brazing sample

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图 9 钎焊样件线扫描结果

Figure 9. Line-scanning results of brazing sample

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图 10 试验条件

Figure 10. Test condition

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图 11 磨头使用寿命

Figure 11. Service life of grinding head

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图 12 磨头形貌

Figure 12. Morphology of grinding head

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表 1 BNi-2合金钎料组分

Table 1. Components of Ni-based BNi-2 alloy filler

成分	质量分数 ω / %
镍 (Ni)	83
铬 (Cr)	7
铁 (Fe)	4
硅 (Si)	3
硼 (B)	3

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表 2 钎焊样件点扫描结果

Table 2. Point-scanning results of brazing sample %

位置	Fe	Ni	Cr	Si	C
A	67.50	2.86	29.02	0.28	0.34
B	75.84	15.91	7.28	0.65	0.32
C	66.75	3.26	29.36	0.27	0.36
D	61.27	5.78	32.34	0.27	0.34
E	40.93	52.36	5.31	1.05	0.35
F	30.60	62.53	5.33	1.16	0.38
G	22.89	69.35	5.50	1.92	0.34

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表 3 钎料与钢基体形成的化合物^[11]

Table 3. Products between substrate and material^[11]

化合物类型	元素置换方式	化合物晶型
(CrFe)₃C₂	Fe少量置换	斜方晶
(CrFe)₂₃C₆	Fe置换量≤35%	面心立方晶
(CrFe)₇C₃	Fe置换量≤50%	三方晶
(CrFe)₃C₇	Cr置换量≤35%	斜方晶

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表 4 设备加工参数

Table 4. Equipment processing parameters

参数	取值
设备转速 v / (r ·min⁻¹)	28 000
实际进给量 f / (mm·min⁻¹)	600
工作行程 s / mm	65
切削深度 a_p / mm	1.2

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