To solve the problems of uneven cutting and low efficiency when machining large components, roller grinding is taken as an example to compare and study the spindle powers and wheel performances of CBN or Al
2O
3 grinding wheels. Results show that the efficiency and accuracy of roller grinding are low due to wheel wear. It is also found that at the same condition, the efficiency of CBN wheel is 150% higher than that of Al
2O
3 wheel, and that the wear of CBN wheel is one ninth of that of the other wheel when removing the same amount of material. In conclusion, CBN grinding wheel could improve the cutting uniformity and efficiency when machining large components due to its high grain hardness and strong bond.