Abstract: In order to study the temperature field of the composite grinding wheel with brazed diamond insert for rail grinding, a comparative test was carried out on the grinding temperatures of the composite wheel and a resin zirconia corundum wheel for grinding 65Mn steel workpiece under different pressures. Based on the test data, a finite element analysis on the temperature field of the composite wheel for rail grinding was carried out. The results show that with the increase of grinding pressure, the heat production of both wheels increases, while the heat production of composite wheel is relatively smaller. Compared with that of resin grinding wheel at the same condition, the temperature on the surface ground by composite grinding wheel is reduced by nearly 10%.